Ficus lyrata, also known as the fiddle leaf fig or lyre fig, is a majestic houseplant distinguished by its striking, large, wavy leaves that resemble a lyre or violin. Due to its expressive appearance and ability to purify the air, Ficus lyrata has become a favorite among interior designers and houseplant enthusiasts. However, to enjoy its lush look, it is important to know the specifics of caring for it at home.
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Origin and appearance:
Ficus lyrata originates from the tropical forests of West Africa, where it can reach significant sizes in its natural habitat. In home conditions, it typically grows to 2-3 meters, but it can be smaller or larger depending on the care conditions and pruning. Its leaves, the main decoration, can reach lengths of up to 50 cm and widths of up to 30 cm, with pronounced veins and wavy edges. The leaf color varies from deep green to emerald, creating a luxurious appearance.
Caring for Ficus Lyrata at home:
To keep your Ficus lyrata healthy and beautiful, it is necessary to create conditions as close to its natural habitat as possible. Here are the main aspects of care:
1. Lighting:
Ficus lyrata loves bright but diffused light. Direct sunlight can scorch its leaves, so it is best to place it near windows facing east or west. If the windows face south, provide diffused light using curtains or blinds. Insufficient lighting can lead to slowed growth, elongated stems, and loss of leaf vibrancy.
2. Temperature:
The optimal temperature for Ficus lyrata is 18-24°C in summer and no lower than 16°C in winter. Avoid sharp temperature fluctuations and drafts that can negatively affect the plant.
3. Watering:
Water Ficus lyrata moderately, allowing the top layer of soil to dry out between waterings. Overwatering can lead to root rot, while insufficient watering can cause leaf drop. In summer, water the plant about 1-2 times a week, and in winter – less frequently, depending on temperature and humidity. Use soft, room temperature water that has been allowed to stand.
4. Humidity:
Ficus lyrata comes from the tropics, so it enjoys high humidity. Regularly mist the plant with soft water, especially during the heating season when indoor air becomes dry. You can also use a humidifier or place the pot on a tray with wet pebbles.
5. Soil:
Ficus lyrata prefers well-drained soil rich in nutrients. You can use a ready-made potting mix for figs or prepare it yourself by mixing sod soil, leaf soil, peat, and sand in equal proportions.
6. Fertilization:
Fertilize Ficus lyrata during the active growth period (spring-summer) every 2-3 weeks using a complete mineral fertilizer for ornamental foliage plants. In winter, reduce fertilization to once a month or stop it altogether.
7. Repotting:
Young plants should be repotted every spring, while mature ones every 2-3 years into a larger pot. Repot the plant carefully, trying not to damage the root system. Be sure to add a drainage layer of expanded clay or broken bricks at the bottom of the pot.
8. Pruning and shaping:
Ficus lyrata responds well to pruning, which is done in spring to shape the crown and stimulate the growth of new shoots. Remove dry, damaged, and weak branches. Treat the cut areas with garden wax or activated charcoal.
9. Propagation:
Ficus lyrata can be propagated by cuttings, air layering, and seeds. The easiest method is propagation by cuttings, which are taken in spring or summer from the top shoots. Cuttings can root in water or moist soil under a film or glass jar.
10. Pests and diseases:
Ficus lyrata can be affected by pests such as scale insects, spider mites, mealybugs, and aphids. If pests are detected, treat the plant with an insecticide. The most common diseases are fungal infections caused by overwatering or poor ventilation. For the prevention and treatment of fungal diseases, use fungicides and ensure proper care.
Problems when growing Ficus Lyrata:
- Leaf drop: The most common problem, which can be caused by various factors: stress from relocation, insufficient or excessive watering, inadequate lighting, sharp temperature fluctuations, drafts, or pests.
- Brown spots on leaves: May appear from sunburn, overwatering, or dry air.
- Slow growth: May be caused by insufficient lighting, lack of nutrients, or a cramped pot.
Benefits of Ficus Lyrata:
In addition to its aesthetic appeal, Ficus lyrata has beneficial properties:
- Air purification: NASA studies have shown that Ficus lyrata effectively purifies the air of harmful substances such as formaldehyde, xylene, and toluene.
- Increased humidity: By evaporating moisture through its leaves, Ficus lyrata helps to increase indoor humidity.
- Creating coziness: A large, lush plant creates an atmosphere of warmth and comfort in the home.
Conclusion:
Ficus lyrata is an elegant and beneficial houseplant that, with proper care, will become a wonderful decoration for your home. Although it is considered somewhat finicky in care, by following simple rules, you can enjoy its beauty for many years.